Abstract. It has been written that across the world there are 27 types of counting method using the fingers. For example, there are various methods for starting to count `one' using either the index finger, thumb or little finger. In ancient Rome, people counted `one' by bending their left little finger. Counting using the fingers differs according to region, ethnicity, and historical period. This chapter also discusses the `evolutionary theory' of counting methods.

Received: January 17, 2013

AMS Subject Classification: 01A02, 00A09, 97A20

Key Words and Phrases: finger counting, counting with the fingers

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